Brought to you by:
Speakers:
Dr. Brian Rodenhausen
Particle and Materials Characterization Lead Scientist,
Anton Paar
Dr. Abhishek Shetty
Advanced Technical Center Lead Scientist,
Anton Paar
Kelly McSweeney
Contributing Editor,
C&EN Media Group
Analytical techniques play a crucial role in characterizing food powders, whether in research and development (R&D) or during the manufacturing process. Here are some essential analytical techniques for food powder characterization:
1. **Particle Size Analysis**:
- **Laser Diffraction**: Measures the size distribution of particles in a sample by analyzing how light is scattered.
- **Sieve Analysis**: Separates particles based on size using a series of sieves with progressively smaller openings.
2. **Moisture Content Analysis**:
- **Karl Fischer Titration**: Determines the water content in a sample by a chemical reaction with iodine.
3. **Bulk Density and Tapped Density**:
- Provides information about the packing and flow characteristics of the powder.
4. **Flowability Testing**:
- **Angle of Repose**: Measures the angle at which a pile of powder settles.
- **Cohesion and Compressibility**: Assess the powder's ability to flow and pack.
5. **Surface Area Measurement**:
- Techniques like BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analysis can determine the specific surface area of the particles.
6. **Rheology**:
- Measures the flow and deformation behavior of powders under applied stress. Techniques include shear testing, compression testing, and oscillatory rheology.
7. **Microscopy**:
- **Optical Microscopy**: Provides visual information about particle size, shape, and distribution.
- **Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)**: Offers high-resolution imaging for detailed surface analysis.
8. **X-ray Diffraction (XRD)**:
- Identifies the crystalline structure of compounds within the powder.
9. **Spectroscopy**:
- **FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy)**: Identifies functional groups and chemical bonds in the sample.
- **UV-Visible Spectroscopy**: Can be used for color analysis and certain chemical characterizations.
10. **Thermal Analysis**:
- **Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)**: Measures heat changes associated with phase transitions.
- **Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)**: Determines changes in weight as a function of temperature.
11. **Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)**:
- Provides information about the molecular structure and composition of the powder.
12. **Chromatography**:
- **HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography)**: Separates and quantifies different components in a mixture.
- **GC (Gas Chromatography)**: Useful for analyzing volatile compounds.
13. **Sensory Analysis**:
- Involves human sensory perception to evaluate attributes like taste, odor, and texture.
14. **Color Measurement**:
- Techniques like spectrophotometry or colorimeters are used to quantify color attributes.
15. **Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR)**:
- Can provide information about the free radical content in food powders.
These techniques can be applied at different stages, from the research and development phase to manufacturing, to ensure consistent quality and properties of food powders. The choice of technique(s) will depend on the specific characteristics of the powder being analyzed and the information needed for the application.